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Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Central Nervous System

MedGen UID:
146352
•Concept ID:
C0686377
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Cancer metastatic to CNS (central nervous system); Central Nervous System Metastases; Central Nervous System Metastasis; CNS Metastases; CNS Metastasis; Metastatic malignant neoplasm of central nervous system; Metastatic malignant neoplasm to central nervous system; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Neoplasm to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Neoplasm to the CNS; Metastatic Tumor to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Tumor to the CNS; Secondary malignant neoplasm of central nervous system
SNOMED CT: Secondary malignant neoplasm of central nervous system (94243009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm to central nervous system (94243009); Cancer metastatic to CNS (central nervous system) (94243009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm of central nervous system (94243009)

Definition

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the central nervous system from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas). [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline.
Gondi V, Bauman G, Bradfield L, Burri SH, Cabrera AR, Cunningham DA, Eaton BR, Hattangadi-Gluth JA, Kim MM, Kotecha R, Kraemer L, Li J, Nagpal S, Rusthoven CG, Suh JH, Tomé WA, Wang TJC, Zimmer AS, Ziu M, Brown PD
Pract Radiat Oncol 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):265-282. Epub 2022 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.02.003. PMID: 35534352
Primary Brain Tumors in Adults: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Perkins A, Liu G
Am Fam Physician 2016 Feb 1;93(3):211-7. PMID: 26926614
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group.
Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY; Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group
Lancet Oncol 2015 Jun;16(6):e270-8. Epub 2015 May 27 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4. PMID: 26065612

Recent clinical studies

Therapy

Adjuvant Osimertinib vs. Placebo in Completely Resected Stage IA2-IA3 EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: ADAURA2.
Tsutani Y, Goldman JW, Dacic S, Yatabe Y, Majem M, Huang X, Chen A, van der Gronde T, He J
Clin Lung Cancer 2023 Jun;24(4):376-380. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2023.02.002. PMID: 36872181
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Alectinib versus Crizotinib in Untreated ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Peters S, Camidge DR, Shaw AT, Gadgeel S, Ahn JS, Kim DW, Ou SI, Pérol M, Dziadziuszko R, Rosell R, Zeaiter A, Mitry E, Golding S, Balas B, Noe J, Morcos PN, Mok T; ALEX Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2017 Aug 31;377(9):829-838. Epub 2017 Jun 6 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1704795. PMID: 28586279
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group.
Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY; Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group
Lancet Oncol 2015 Jun;16(6):e270-8. Epub 2015 May 27 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4. PMID: 26065612

Prognosis

Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Targeting brain metastases in breast cancer.
Corti C, Antonarelli G, Criscitiello C, Lin NU, Carey LA, Cortés J, Poortmans P, Curigliano G
Cancer Treat Rev 2022 Feb;103:102324. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102324. PMID: 34953200
Brain metastasization of breast cancer.
Custódio-Santos T, Videira M, Brito MA
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017 Aug;1868(1):132-147. Epub 2017 Mar 21 doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.03.004. PMID: 28341420
Neoplastic meningitis.
Chamberlain MC
J Clin Oncol 2005 May 20;23(15):3605-13. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.01.131. PMID: 15908671
Intraocular lymphoma.
Chan CC, Buggage RR, Nussenblatt RB
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002 Dec;13(6):411-8. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200212000-00012. PMID: 12441846

Clinical prediction guides

The World Health Organization classifications of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: a clinico-pathological appraisal.
Villa C, Baussart B, Assié G, Raverot G, Roncaroli F
Endocr Relat Cancer 2023 Aug 1;30(8) Epub 2023 Jun 22 doi: 10.1530/ERC-23-0021. PMID: 37068095
Top advances of the year: Neuro-oncology.
Barden MM, Omuro AM
Cancer 2023 May 15;129(10):1467-1472. Epub 2023 Feb 24 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34711. PMID: 36825454
Extranodal Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Molecular Features, Prognosis, and Risk of Central Nervous System Recurrence.
Ollila TA, Olszewski AJ
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018 Jun 21;19(8):38. doi: 10.1007/s11864-018-0555-8. PMID: 29931605Free PMC Article
Epidemiology, Treatment, and Complications of Central Nervous System Metastases.
Pruitt AA
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2017 Dec;23(6, Neuro-oncology):1580-1600. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000551. PMID: 29200112
The normal structure and function of CD44 and its role in neoplasia.
Sneath RJ, Mangham DC
Mol Pathol 1998 Aug;51(4):191-200. doi: 10.1136/mp.51.4.191. PMID: 9893744Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

A Systematic Review Informing the Management of Symptomatic Brain Radiation Necrosis After Stereotactic Radiosurgery and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Recommendations.
Vellayappan B, Lim-Fat MJ, Kotecha R, De Salles A, Fariselli L, Levivier M, Ma L, Paddick I, Pollock BE, Regis J, Sheehan JP, Suh JH, Yomo S, Sahgal A
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024 Jan 1;118(1):14-28. Epub 2023 Jul 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.015. PMID: 37482137
Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.
Häuser W, Welsch P, Radbruch L, Fisher E, Bell RF, Moore RA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jun 5;6(6):CD014915. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014915.pub2. PMID: 37283486Free PMC Article
Toxicity and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in primary and secondary CNS lymphoma: a meta-analysis of 128 patients.
Cook MR, Dorris CS, Makambi KH, Luo Y, Munshi PN, Donato M, Rowley S, Saad A, Goy A, Dunleavy K, Ali A
Blood Adv 2023 Jan 10;7(1):32-39. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008525. PMID: 36260735Free PMC Article
Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline.
Gondi V, Bauman G, Bradfield L, Burri SH, Cabrera AR, Cunningham DA, Eaton BR, Hattangadi-Gluth JA, Kim MM, Kotecha R, Kraemer L, Li J, Nagpal S, Rusthoven CG, Suh JH, Tomé WA, Wang TJC, Zimmer AS, Ziu M, Brown PD
Pract Radiat Oncol 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):265-282. Epub 2022 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.02.003. PMID: 35534352
Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (<I>ALK</I>)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer.
Cameron LB, Hitchen N, Chandran E, Morris T, Manser R, Solomon BJ, Jordan V
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jan 7;1(1):CD013453. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013453.pub2. PMID: 34994987Free PMC Article

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